If you store any kind of oil at your commercial premises you may need to comply with a number of regulations controlling its storage. This will depend on how much and what type of oil you store, the type of site you have and the containers you use.

Comply with Oil Storage Regulations

The Oil Storage Regulations aim to ensure that you store oil safely and minimise the risk of pollution. They affect:

• industrial and commercial businesses and institutional sites who store oil above ground in containers holding over 200 litres
• private dwellings with containers storing more than 3,500 litres

Businesses who refine or distribute oil will also need to comply unless they store more than 2,500 tonnes of oil and are regulated under the Control of Major Accident Hazards (COMAH) Regulations.

These regulations apply to oil stored in containers both inside and outside of a building including:

• tanks
• intermediate bulk containers
• oil drums
• mobile bowsers

The Oil Storage Regulations do not apply if:

• your container has a capacity of 200 litres or less
• the oil is stored in a container wholly underground
• the oil is stored on a farm and used for agricultural purposes
• the oil is stored at a private dwelling in a container with a capacity of 3,500 litres or less

From 31 December 2015, the regulations now apply to all other remaining oil containers.

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, you must comply with separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Register waste management licensing exemptions for storing waste oils

You must register an exemption from waste management licensing for certain activities. If you have an exemption you must comply with the exemption conditions.

If you store waste oils at a different site from where it was produced you will need to register a Paragraph 12 exemption.

COMAH

If you store more than 2,500 tonnes of petroleum products you will need to comply with the COMAH Regulations. You may need a major accident prevention policy, have to submit a safety report and prepare an on-site emergency plan.

You should consider safety, security, access for deliveries and repairs, and maintenance needs when deciding where to locate your oil storage containers. This will help you comply with regulations and minimise the risk of pollution.

An oil storage container can include a tank, drum, mobile bowser or intermediate bulk container. Avoid storing oil containers on roofs.

Try to position oil containers or stores where there is minimal chance of collision or impact, for example from moving vehicles. If the Oil Storage Regulations apply, you must ensure you protect the containers and the secondary containment system.

You should ensure that the surface of the area where deliveries are made is protected by an impermeable surface, and is away from surface water drainage systems. This will help you to avoid causing pollution from escaped oil.

Try not to store oil in a pollution risk area. This includes within 10 metres of a waterway or within 50 metres of a well, spring or borehole. If this is unavoidable you may need to have additional pollution prevention measures.

Avoid locating your container on a flood plain. It may float in the event of flooding, causing pipelines to break and oil to spill. If this is unavoidable, you must ensure that the container is fixed to a secure base or other measures are taken.

Your container should always be located within a secondary containment system (SCS), such as a bund. If the Oil Storage Regulations apply to your business or site, you must store your oil in a SCS.

If you are unable to comply with any of the requirements above, you should contact the Northern Ireland Environment Agency for advice.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

To store oil safely you must comply with the requirements of the Oil Storage Regulations on primary containers. These are the main containers oil is stored in, and include:

• tanks
• intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) used for transport and storage
• oil drums
• mobile bowsers - an oil container that can't move under its own power, but can be moved between locations

Check your oil containers

You must use a strong container that won't leak or burst in ordinary use. If they are properly maintained, containers should last at least 20 years.

Proprietary tank systems are made with integral secondary storage containment for the primary container. You should consult the manufacturer of these systems for information on their appropriate use and whether they comply with oil storage legislation.

Oil storage containers must be stored within a suitable secondary containment system, for example a bund or drip tray.

If your container has any fittings and pipework, for example sight gauges, valves, fill or draw-off pipes or vent pipes, you must ensure they are located and operated correctly.

Good practice for oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply, you should still store your oil responsibly and use appropriate containers which meet the regulations. You can download best practice guidance on above-ground oil storage tanks (PDF, 1.1MB).

Make sure your storage tank has been type tested to a recognised standard and manufactured to an ISO 9001-compliant quality assurance scheme, for example:

• polyethylene tanks should comply with OFS T100
• steel tanks should comply with either BS 799-5 or OFS T200 and be corrosion-resistant

Make sure your container is marked with the product type and maximum capacity. You should also attach a notice with information on safe delivery and emergency procedures. This is available from the Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA).

Make sure only competent qualified technicians install or decommission your oil storage tank.

Ensure tanks are fully drained of oil and water before they are taken out of use. This liquid is a hazardous waste and must be disposed of legally. Contact NIEA if you find evidence that the ground underneath a tank has been contaminated.

Tanks and equipment contaminated with oil are classed as hazardous waste.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

Secondary containment systems (SCS) are used to catch any leaking oil, overfilling or other spills from a primary container, such as a tank, and its pipework. If you store oil on your premises you may have to comply with the Oil Storage Regulations which set minimum requirements to use SCS when storing oil. Bunds and drip trays are examples of SCS.

Secondary containment requirements

If you are required to use secondary containment, you must store oil containers within a bund, drip tray or any other suitable SCS.

For oil tanks, intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) and mobile bowsers, a bund is the main form of secondary containment. A drip tray is usually used for single or multiple oil drums.

For oil tanks, IBCs and mobile bowsers, your SCS must be able to hold at least 110 per cent of the maximum volume of a single container.

If you have more than one container stored in the same system, the SCS must be able to hold whichever of the following is greater:

• 110 per cent of the largest container's storage volume
• 25 per cent of the total volume of the containers

For drum storage, your drip tray must be able to hold at least 25 per cent of the total storage capacity of the drums.

When you calculate the capacity of your SCS remember to deduct the volume taken up by the container supports, pipework and pumps. If you are located in a high rainfall area, you may need to increase the capacity or install a protective roof to stop water entering the SCS.

You must ensure that the base and walls of your bunds are impermeable to water and oil with no drainage outlets.

Always ensure there is ample space between the primary container and its SCS. A minimum distance of 750 millimetres between your tank and the bund wall is advisable so you have room to inspect and maintain the tank and bund.

You must locate your SCS away from areas where it could be damaged by impact, for example vehicle movements. If this is not possible you must take steps to minimise the risk of damage. You could provide protection, such as a barrier or bollards, for the SCS.

No pipes, valves or other openings to drain down the system must penetrate the base or wall of the SCS. All fill pipes and draw-off pipes from the tank that pass through the bund must be sealed carefully to prevent oil escaping.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, there are separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply, you should still use secondary containment for your oil containers. 

You should have a pollution prevention plan in place, in case rainwater enters the bund and becomes contaminated with oil. Use an enclosed, proprietary tank system or roof over an open bund to prevent rainwater collecting.

If you have an open bund it may have a sump or low point that collects rainwater or spilt oil in the base of the bund. You can remove any unwanted liquids using a manual pump or by hand bailing.

You could use an automatic pumping system in remote locations which can distinguish between oil and water in the bund. However, to install one of these systems, you must find out from the Northern Ireland Environment Agency where you can discharge the water.

Any water removed from the bund may be contaminated with oil, and you must dispose of it as hazardous waste.

To comply with the Oil Storage Regulations you must ensure all pipework, above and below ground, is correctly positioned and properly maintained. There is a particular risk of oil leaks from poorly fitted pipes. Ideally, pipes should be above ground.

Follow requirements for above-ground oil pipework

You must locate all pipework and fittings (ancillary equipment) within the secondary containment systems (SCS). This includes valves, filters, sight gauges and vent pipes.

Where a fill pipe is not within the SCS, you must use a drip tray to catch any oil spilled when the container is being filled. You should make sure this drip try is clean and empty before each delivery.

You must also:

• ensure any fill pipe, draw-off pipe or vent pipe is properly supported
• ensure that any sight gauge is properly supported and fitted with a valve that closes automatically when it's not in use
• position all pipework where there is minimal risk of collision or damage

Prevent leaks from oil pipework

You must protect metal fill pipes, draw-off pipes or overflow pipes from corrosion.

You must position any vent pipe, tap or valve through which oil can be discharged from the tank into the open so any spilt oil is retained within the SCS.

Follow requirements for below-ground oil pipework

If pipework is underground, you must ensure that it:

• has no mechanical joints, except where you can access them for inspection
• is protected against corrosion and from physical damage
• has adequate facilities for detecting leaks
• is not permeable to hydrocarbon vapours

Clearly mark the route of underground pipework on the ground and site plans to avoid accidental damage and help in servicing and maintenance.

Oil leak detection devices

You may decide to fit underground fill or draw-off pipes with a leak detection device. If you use a continuous leak detection device, make sure it's in working order and test it regularly. Keep a record of the test results and any maintenance work completed.

If you don't use a continuous leak detection system you must test underground pipework:

• before use
• with mechanical joints every five years
• at least every ten years

Avoid spills from deliveries and dispensing oil

If a screw fitting or other fixed coupling is fitted to the tank, you must maintain it in good condition and use it when filling the tank.

If you can't see the tank and any vent pipe from where the filling process is controlled, you must fit an automatic overfill prevention device. This could include an alarm or a fail safe device.

If you use a permanently attached, flexible pipe to deliver oil from the tank to a container or delivery pump, you must:

• fit a tap or valve at the delivery end of the pipe which closes automatically when not in use
• ensure that the tap or valve cannot be fixed in the open position, unless the pipe is fitted with an automatic shut off device

When a delivery pipe is not in use you must ensure that it either:

• is kept in a secure, locked cabinet with a drip tray
• has a lockable valve (locked shut when not in use) where it leaves the container, and that it is kept within an SCS

You must ensure that any pump is:

• fitted with a valve in its feed line that stops the tank contents draining out if the pump or pipework to the pump is damaged
• positioned to minimise any risk of damage
• protected from unauthorised use

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, there are separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Good practice in oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply to your oil storage, you should still consider meeting the requirements of the regulations.

A mobile bowser is an oil container that may have wheels or be transported on or by another vehicle, but it can't move under its own power. If you use a mobile bowser to store oil you must comply with the relevant requirements of the Oil Storage Regulations.

Follow rules for using and storing mobile bowsers

You must ensure your bowser is in good condition and will not leak or burst in ordinary use.

Mobile bowsers must be stored within a suitable secondary containment system, for example a bund or a drip tray, or be a self-bunded bowser.

You must fit locks to permanently fixed valves or taps on the bowser that are used to discharge oil to the open. You must lock these shut when the valve or tap is not in use.

If you deliver oil through a flexible pipe that is permanently attached to the bowser, you must ensure that:

• the delivery end of the pipe is fitted with a manually operated pump or valve that closes automatically when it is not in use
• the pump or valve is lockable and you keep it locked shut when it is not in use
• the end of the pipe that leaves the container is fitted with a lockable valve that you must lock shut when it is not in use

Good practice in oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply to your oil storage, you should still consider meeting the requirements of the regulations. You can download best practice guidance on above-ground oil storage tanks (PDF, 1.1MB).

You should carry out a weekly check of containers, secondary containment systems (SCS), pipework and other ancillary equipment. This should include looking for:

• damage or corrosion
• any changes to a container's shape, eg bulging or distortion
• oil stains or any leaks
• closed or locked valves and gauges
• build-up of water in bunds or other SCS, and ensuring they are free from rubbish

You should carry out routine maintenance of containers and SCS to prevent any risk of pollution. Keep a record of when inspections and maintenance are carried out and who by.

You should always look out for any signs of damage or interference to your tank or pipework. If you find any problems, get repairs carried out immediately by a competent, qualified technician.

As well as a weekly check, you should use a qualified technician to carry out a detailed annual inspection and service of your storage facilities, including:

• checking the condition of tank surfaces, SCS and supports for pipework
• checking the condition and operation of pipework and fittings
• removing and disposing of any condensation water or sludge in your tank
• checking for leaks

You should receive a report about your tank which details any faults that must be fixed before you can continue to use your oil storage.

Qualified technicians should be a member of a professional scheme for qualified tank installers.

Good practice for storing oil underground

Below-ground tanks and their associated pipework are a high risk to the environment as they are difficult to inspect and leaks may not be immediately obvious.

You should pay extra attention to oil stored below ground to reduce these risks. You should:

• Supervise deliveries to make sure that the tank is not overfilled.
• Monitor the amount of oil you are using. If an unexpected increase occurs, investigate the cause - the container or pipework may have an undetected leak.
• Maintain gauges, valves and pipework on a regular basis.

You should take prevention measures to reduce the risk of oil pollution occurring on your site. Have a pollution incident response plan to use in the event of a spill or leak, and ensure your staff are fully trained and know what to do when an incident occurs.

Keep a spill kit or other pollution control equipment close to your oil store so you can access it easily when you need it. This can include:

• an oil spill kit with proprietary absorbent materials and drain blockers
• gully seals
• booms
• sealing putty
• earth or sand

If a spill does occur, act immediately and try to prevent it from entering drains or surface waters. For example, use absorbent materials to help contain the spread of the oil and soak it up, and drain blockers to protect surface water drains.

Use the NIEA Water Pollution Hotline on Tel 0800 80 70 60 to report an incident and ask for help and advice about what to do.

You must never hose a spill down or use detergents to disperse it as you could cause a much worse pollution incident.

You must dispose of any absorbent or other materials contaminated with oil as hazardous waste.

Take precautions during oil deliveries

There's an increased risk of an oil spill during a delivery to your container. To help prevent pollution you should:

• supervise deliveries
• clearly label all tanks with their contents and storage capacity
• check that your container has sufficient capacity before arranging and receiving a delivery
• check that the secondary containment system will contain any spill due to overfilling

Take particular care where taking a delivery to multiple tanks. Have clear instructions for delivering the right amount to each tank.

If you store any kind of oil at your commercial premises you may need to comply with a number of regulations controlling its storage. This will depend on how much and what type of oil you store, the type of site you have and the containers you use.

Comply with Oil Storage Regulations

The Oil Storage Regulations aim to ensure that you store oil safely and minimise the risk of pollution. They affect:

• industrial and commercial businesses and institutional sites who store oil above ground in containers holding over 200 litres
• private dwellings with containers storing more than 3,500 litres

Businesses who refine or distribute oil will also need to comply unless they store more than 2,500 tonnes of oil and are regulated under the Control of Major Accident Hazards (COMAH) Regulations.

These regulations apply to oil stored in containers both inside and outside of a building including:

• tanks
• intermediate bulk containers
• oil drums
• mobile bowsers

The Oil Storage Regulations do not apply if:

• your container has a capacity of 200 litres or less
• the oil is stored in a container wholly underground
• the oil is stored on a farm and used for agricultural purposes
• the oil is stored at a private dwelling in a container with a capacity of 3,500 litres or less

From 31 December 2015, the regulations now apply to all other remaining oil containers.

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, you must comply with separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Register waste management licensing exemptions for storing waste oils

You must register an exemption from waste management licensing for certain activities. If you have an exemption you must comply with the exemption conditions.

If you store waste oils at a different site from where it was produced you will need to register a Paragraph 12 exemption.

COMAH

If you store more than 2,500 tonnes of petroleum products you will need to comply with the COMAH Regulations. You may need a major accident prevention policy, have to submit a safety report and prepare an on-site emergency plan.

You should consider safety, security, access for deliveries and repairs, and maintenance needs when deciding where to locate your oil storage containers. This will help you comply with regulations and minimise the risk of pollution.

An oil storage container can include a tank, drum, mobile bowser or intermediate bulk container. Avoid storing oil containers on roofs.

Try to position oil containers or stores where there is minimal chance of collision or impact, for example from moving vehicles. If the Oil Storage Regulations apply, you must ensure you protect the containers and the secondary containment system.

You should ensure that the surface of the area where deliveries are made is protected by an impermeable surface, and is away from surface water drainage systems. This will help you to avoid causing pollution from escaped oil.

Try not to store oil in a pollution risk area. This includes within 10 metres of a waterway or within 50 metres of a well, spring or borehole. If this is unavoidable you may need to have additional pollution prevention measures.

Avoid locating your container on a flood plain. It may float in the event of flooding, causing pipelines to break and oil to spill. If this is unavoidable, you must ensure that the container is fixed to a secure base or other measures are taken.

Your container should always be located within a secondary containment system (SCS), such as a bund. If the Oil Storage Regulations apply to your business or site, you must store your oil in a SCS.

If you are unable to comply with any of the requirements above, you should contact the Northern Ireland Environment Agency for advice.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

To store oil safely you must comply with the requirements of the Oil Storage Regulations on primary containers. These are the main containers oil is stored in, and include:

• tanks
• intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) used for transport and storage
• oil drums
• mobile bowsers - an oil container that can't move under its own power, but can be moved between locations

Check your oil containers

You must use a strong container that won't leak or burst in ordinary use. If they are properly maintained, containers should last at least 20 years.

Proprietary tank systems are made with integral secondary storage containment for the primary container. You should consult the manufacturer of these systems for information on their appropriate use and whether they comply with oil storage legislation.

Oil storage containers must be stored within a suitable secondary containment system, for example a bund or drip tray.

If your container has any fittings and pipework, for example sight gauges, valves, fill or draw-off pipes or vent pipes, you must ensure they are located and operated correctly.

Good practice for oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply, you should still store your oil responsibly and use appropriate containers which meet the regulations. You can download best practice guidance on above-ground oil storage tanks (PDF, 1.1MB).

Make sure your storage tank has been type tested to a recognised standard and manufactured to an ISO 9001-compliant quality assurance scheme, for example:

• polyethylene tanks should comply with OFS T100
• steel tanks should comply with either BS 799-5 or OFS T200 and be corrosion-resistant

Make sure your container is marked with the product type and maximum capacity. You should also attach a notice with information on safe delivery and emergency procedures. This is available from the Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA).

Make sure only competent qualified technicians install or decommission your oil storage tank.

Ensure tanks are fully drained of oil and water before they are taken out of use. This liquid is a hazardous waste and must be disposed of legally. Contact NIEA if you find evidence that the ground underneath a tank has been contaminated.

Tanks and equipment contaminated with oil are classed as hazardous waste.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

Secondary containment systems (SCS) are used to catch any leaking oil, overfilling or other spills from a primary container, such as a tank, and its pipework. If you store oil on your premises you may have to comply with the Oil Storage Regulations which set minimum requirements to use SCS when storing oil. Bunds and drip trays are examples of SCS.

Secondary containment requirements

If you are required to use secondary containment, you must store oil containers within a bund, drip tray or any other suitable SCS.

For oil tanks, intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) and mobile bowsers, a bund is the main form of secondary containment. A drip tray is usually used for single or multiple oil drums.

For oil tanks, IBCs and mobile bowsers, your SCS must be able to hold at least 110 per cent of the maximum volume of a single container.

If you have more than one container stored in the same system, the SCS must be able to hold whichever of the following is greater:

• 110 per cent of the largest container's storage volume
• 25 per cent of the total volume of the containers

For drum storage, your drip tray must be able to hold at least 25 per cent of the total storage capacity of the drums.

When you calculate the capacity of your SCS remember to deduct the volume taken up by the container supports, pipework and pumps. If you are located in a high rainfall area, you may need to increase the capacity or install a protective roof to stop water entering the SCS.

You must ensure that the base and walls of your bunds are impermeable to water and oil with no drainage outlets.

Always ensure there is ample space between the primary container and its SCS. A minimum distance of 750 millimetres between your tank and the bund wall is advisable so you have room to inspect and maintain the tank and bund.

You must locate your SCS away from areas where it could be damaged by impact, for example vehicle movements. If this is not possible you must take steps to minimise the risk of damage. You could provide protection, such as a barrier or bollards, for the SCS.

No pipes, valves or other openings to drain down the system must penetrate the base or wall of the SCS. All fill pipes and draw-off pipes from the tank that pass through the bund must be sealed carefully to prevent oil escaping.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, there are separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply, you should still use secondary containment for your oil containers. 

You should have a pollution prevention plan in place, in case rainwater enters the bund and becomes contaminated with oil. Use an enclosed, proprietary tank system or roof over an open bund to prevent rainwater collecting.

If you have an open bund it may have a sump or low point that collects rainwater or spilt oil in the base of the bund. You can remove any unwanted liquids using a manual pump or by hand bailing.

You could use an automatic pumping system in remote locations which can distinguish between oil and water in the bund. However, to install one of these systems, you must find out from the Northern Ireland Environment Agency where you can discharge the water.

Any water removed from the bund may be contaminated with oil, and you must dispose of it as hazardous waste.

To comply with the Oil Storage Regulations you must ensure all pipework, above and below ground, is correctly positioned and properly maintained. There is a particular risk of oil leaks from poorly fitted pipes. Ideally, pipes should be above ground.

Follow requirements for above-ground oil pipework

You must locate all pipework and fittings (ancillary equipment) within the secondary containment systems (SCS). This includes valves, filters, sight gauges and vent pipes.

Where a fill pipe is not within the SCS, you must use a drip tray to catch any oil spilled when the container is being filled. You should make sure this drip try is clean and empty before each delivery.

You must also:

• ensure any fill pipe, draw-off pipe or vent pipe is properly supported
• ensure that any sight gauge is properly supported and fitted with a valve that closes automatically when it's not in use
• position all pipework where there is minimal risk of collision or damage

Prevent leaks from oil pipework

You must protect metal fill pipes, draw-off pipes or overflow pipes from corrosion.

You must position any vent pipe, tap or valve through which oil can be discharged from the tank into the open so any spilt oil is retained within the SCS.

Follow requirements for below-ground oil pipework

If pipework is underground, you must ensure that it:

• has no mechanical joints, except where you can access them for inspection
• is protected against corrosion and from physical damage
• has adequate facilities for detecting leaks
• is not permeable to hydrocarbon vapours

Clearly mark the route of underground pipework on the ground and site plans to avoid accidental damage and help in servicing and maintenance.

Oil leak detection devices

You may decide to fit underground fill or draw-off pipes with a leak detection device. If you use a continuous leak detection device, make sure it's in working order and test it regularly. Keep a record of the test results and any maintenance work completed.

If you don't use a continuous leak detection system you must test underground pipework:

• before use
• with mechanical joints every five years
• at least every ten years

Avoid spills from deliveries and dispensing oil

If a screw fitting or other fixed coupling is fitted to the tank, you must maintain it in good condition and use it when filling the tank.

If you can't see the tank and any vent pipe from where the filling process is controlled, you must fit an automatic overfill prevention device. This could include an alarm or a fail safe device.

If you use a permanently attached, flexible pipe to deliver oil from the tank to a container or delivery pump, you must:

• fit a tap or valve at the delivery end of the pipe which closes automatically when not in use
• ensure that the tap or valve cannot be fixed in the open position, unless the pipe is fitted with an automatic shut off device

When a delivery pipe is not in use you must ensure that it either:

• is kept in a secure, locked cabinet with a drip tray
• has a lockable valve (locked shut when not in use) where it leaves the container, and that it is kept within an SCS

You must ensure that any pump is:

• fitted with a valve in its feed line that stops the tank contents draining out if the pump or pipework to the pump is damaged
• positioned to minimise any risk of damage
• protected from unauthorised use

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, there are separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Good practice in oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply to your oil storage, you should still consider meeting the requirements of the regulations.

A mobile bowser is an oil container that may have wheels or be transported on or by another vehicle, but it can't move under its own power. If you use a mobile bowser to store oil you must comply with the relevant requirements of the Oil Storage Regulations.

Follow rules for using and storing mobile bowsers

You must ensure your bowser is in good condition and will not leak or burst in ordinary use.

Mobile bowsers must be stored within a suitable secondary containment system, for example a bund or a drip tray, or be a self-bunded bowser.

You must fit locks to permanently fixed valves or taps on the bowser that are used to discharge oil to the open. You must lock these shut when the valve or tap is not in use.

If you deliver oil through a flexible pipe that is permanently attached to the bowser, you must ensure that:

• the delivery end of the pipe is fitted with a manually operated pump or valve that closes automatically when it is not in use
• the pump or valve is lockable and you keep it locked shut when it is not in use
• the end of the pipe that leaves the container is fitted with a lockable valve that you must lock shut when it is not in use

Good practice in oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply to your oil storage, you should still consider meeting the requirements of the regulations. You can download best practice guidance on above-ground oil storage tanks (PDF, 1.1MB).

You should carry out a weekly check of containers, secondary containment systems (SCS), pipework and other ancillary equipment. This should include looking for:

• damage or corrosion
• any changes to a container's shape, eg bulging or distortion
• oil stains or any leaks
• closed or locked valves and gauges
• build-up of water in bunds or other SCS, and ensuring they are free from rubbish

You should carry out routine maintenance of containers and SCS to prevent any risk of pollution. Keep a record of when inspections and maintenance are carried out and who by.

You should always look out for any signs of damage or interference to your tank or pipework. If you find any problems, get repairs carried out immediately by a competent, qualified technician.

As well as a weekly check, you should use a qualified technician to carry out a detailed annual inspection and service of your storage facilities, including:

• checking the condition of tank surfaces, SCS and supports for pipework
• checking the condition and operation of pipework and fittings
• removing and disposing of any condensation water or sludge in your tank
• checking for leaks

You should receive a report about your tank which details any faults that must be fixed before you can continue to use your oil storage.

Qualified technicians should be a member of a professional scheme for qualified tank installers.

Good practice for storing oil underground

Below-ground tanks and their associated pipework are a high risk to the environment as they are difficult to inspect and leaks may not be immediately obvious.

You should pay extra attention to oil stored below ground to reduce these risks. You should:

• Supervise deliveries to make sure that the tank is not overfilled.
• Monitor the amount of oil you are using. If an unexpected increase occurs, investigate the cause - the container or pipework may have an undetected leak.
• Maintain gauges, valves and pipework on a regular basis.

You should take prevention measures to reduce the risk of oil pollution occurring on your site. Have a pollution incident response plan to use in the event of a spill or leak, and ensure your staff are fully trained and know what to do when an incident occurs.

Keep a spill kit or other pollution control equipment close to your oil store so you can access it easily when you need it. This can include:

• an oil spill kit with proprietary absorbent materials and drain blockers
• gully seals
• booms
• sealing putty
• earth or sand

If a spill does occur, act immediately and try to prevent it from entering drains or surface waters. For example, use absorbent materials to help contain the spread of the oil and soak it up, and drain blockers to protect surface water drains.

Use the NIEA Water Pollution Hotline on Tel 0800 80 70 60 to report an incident and ask for help and advice about what to do.

You must never hose a spill down or use detergents to disperse it as you could cause a much worse pollution incident.

You must dispose of any absorbent or other materials contaminated with oil as hazardous waste.

Take precautions during oil deliveries

There's an increased risk of an oil spill during a delivery to your container. To help prevent pollution you should:

• supervise deliveries
• clearly label all tanks with their contents and storage capacity
• check that your container has sufficient capacity before arranging and receiving a delivery
• check that the secondary containment system will contain any spill due to overfilling

Take particular care where taking a delivery to multiple tanks. Have clear instructions for delivering the right amount to each tank.

If you store any kind of oil at your commercial premises you may need to comply with a number of regulations controlling its storage. This will depend on how much and what type of oil you store, the type of site you have and the containers you use.

Comply with Oil Storage Regulations

The Oil Storage Regulations aim to ensure that you store oil safely and minimise the risk of pollution. They affect:

• industrial and commercial businesses and institutional sites who store oil above ground in containers holding over 200 litres
• private dwellings with containers storing more than 3,500 litres

Businesses who refine or distribute oil will also need to comply unless they store more than 2,500 tonnes of oil and are regulated under the Control of Major Accident Hazards (COMAH) Regulations.

These regulations apply to oil stored in containers both inside and outside of a building including:

• tanks
• intermediate bulk containers
• oil drums
• mobile bowsers

The Oil Storage Regulations do not apply if:

• your container has a capacity of 200 litres or less
• the oil is stored in a container wholly underground
• the oil is stored on a farm and used for agricultural purposes
• the oil is stored at a private dwelling in a container with a capacity of 3,500 litres or less

From 31 December 2015, the regulations now apply to all other remaining oil containers.

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, you must comply with separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Register waste management licensing exemptions for storing waste oils

You must register an exemption from waste management licensing for certain activities. If you have an exemption you must comply with the exemption conditions.

If you store waste oils at a different site from where it was produced you will need to register a Paragraph 12 exemption.

COMAH

If you store more than 2,500 tonnes of petroleum products you will need to comply with the COMAH Regulations. You may need a major accident prevention policy, have to submit a safety report and prepare an on-site emergency plan.

You should consider safety, security, access for deliveries and repairs, and maintenance needs when deciding where to locate your oil storage containers. This will help you comply with regulations and minimise the risk of pollution.

An oil storage container can include a tank, drum, mobile bowser or intermediate bulk container. Avoid storing oil containers on roofs.

Try to position oil containers or stores where there is minimal chance of collision or impact, for example from moving vehicles. If the Oil Storage Regulations apply, you must ensure you protect the containers and the secondary containment system.

You should ensure that the surface of the area where deliveries are made is protected by an impermeable surface, and is away from surface water drainage systems. This will help you to avoid causing pollution from escaped oil.

Try not to store oil in a pollution risk area. This includes within 10 metres of a waterway or within 50 metres of a well, spring or borehole. If this is unavoidable you may need to have additional pollution prevention measures.

Avoid locating your container on a flood plain. It may float in the event of flooding, causing pipelines to break and oil to spill. If this is unavoidable, you must ensure that the container is fixed to a secure base or other measures are taken.

Your container should always be located within a secondary containment system (SCS), such as a bund. If the Oil Storage Regulations apply to your business or site, you must store your oil in a SCS.

If you are unable to comply with any of the requirements above, you should contact the Northern Ireland Environment Agency for advice.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

To store oil safely you must comply with the requirements of the Oil Storage Regulations on primary containers. These are the main containers oil is stored in, and include:

• tanks
• intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) used for transport and storage
• oil drums
• mobile bowsers - an oil container that can't move under its own power, but can be moved between locations

Check your oil containers

You must use a strong container that won't leak or burst in ordinary use. If they are properly maintained, containers should last at least 20 years.

Proprietary tank systems are made with integral secondary storage containment for the primary container. You should consult the manufacturer of these systems for information on their appropriate use and whether they comply with oil storage legislation.

Oil storage containers must be stored within a suitable secondary containment system, for example a bund or drip tray.

If your container has any fittings and pipework, for example sight gauges, valves, fill or draw-off pipes or vent pipes, you must ensure they are located and operated correctly.

Good practice for oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply, you should still store your oil responsibly and use appropriate containers which meet the regulations. You can download best practice guidance on above-ground oil storage tanks (PDF, 1.1MB).

Make sure your storage tank has been type tested to a recognised standard and manufactured to an ISO 9001-compliant quality assurance scheme, for example:

• polyethylene tanks should comply with OFS T100
• steel tanks should comply with either BS 799-5 or OFS T200 and be corrosion-resistant

Make sure your container is marked with the product type and maximum capacity. You should also attach a notice with information on safe delivery and emergency procedures. This is available from the Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA).

Make sure only competent qualified technicians install or decommission your oil storage tank.

Ensure tanks are fully drained of oil and water before they are taken out of use. This liquid is a hazardous waste and must be disposed of legally. Contact NIEA if you find evidence that the ground underneath a tank has been contaminated.

Tanks and equipment contaminated with oil are classed as hazardous waste.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

Secondary containment systems (SCS) are used to catch any leaking oil, overfilling or other spills from a primary container, such as a tank, and its pipework. If you store oil on your premises you may have to comply with the Oil Storage Regulations which set minimum requirements to use SCS when storing oil. Bunds and drip trays are examples of SCS.

Secondary containment requirements

If you are required to use secondary containment, you must store oil containers within a bund, drip tray or any other suitable SCS.

For oil tanks, intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) and mobile bowsers, a bund is the main form of secondary containment. A drip tray is usually used for single or multiple oil drums.

For oil tanks, IBCs and mobile bowsers, your SCS must be able to hold at least 110 per cent of the maximum volume of a single container.

If you have more than one container stored in the same system, the SCS must be able to hold whichever of the following is greater:

• 110 per cent of the largest container's storage volume
• 25 per cent of the total volume of the containers

For drum storage, your drip tray must be able to hold at least 25 per cent of the total storage capacity of the drums.

When you calculate the capacity of your SCS remember to deduct the volume taken up by the container supports, pipework and pumps. If you are located in a high rainfall area, you may need to increase the capacity or install a protective roof to stop water entering the SCS.

You must ensure that the base and walls of your bunds are impermeable to water and oil with no drainage outlets.

Always ensure there is ample space between the primary container and its SCS. A minimum distance of 750 millimetres between your tank and the bund wall is advisable so you have room to inspect and maintain the tank and bund.

You must locate your SCS away from areas where it could be damaged by impact, for example vehicle movements. If this is not possible you must take steps to minimise the risk of damage. You could provide protection, such as a barrier or bollards, for the SCS.

No pipes, valves or other openings to drain down the system must penetrate the base or wall of the SCS. All fill pipes and draw-off pipes from the tank that pass through the bund must be sealed carefully to prevent oil escaping.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, there are separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply, you should still use secondary containment for your oil containers. 

You should have a pollution prevention plan in place, in case rainwater enters the bund and becomes contaminated with oil. Use an enclosed, proprietary tank system or roof over an open bund to prevent rainwater collecting.

If you have an open bund it may have a sump or low point that collects rainwater or spilt oil in the base of the bund. You can remove any unwanted liquids using a manual pump or by hand bailing.

You could use an automatic pumping system in remote locations which can distinguish between oil and water in the bund. However, to install one of these systems, you must find out from the Northern Ireland Environment Agency where you can discharge the water.

Any water removed from the bund may be contaminated with oil, and you must dispose of it as hazardous waste.

To comply with the Oil Storage Regulations you must ensure all pipework, above and below ground, is correctly positioned and properly maintained. There is a particular risk of oil leaks from poorly fitted pipes. Ideally, pipes should be above ground.

Follow requirements for above-ground oil pipework

You must locate all pipework and fittings (ancillary equipment) within the secondary containment systems (SCS). This includes valves, filters, sight gauges and vent pipes.

Where a fill pipe is not within the SCS, you must use a drip tray to catch any oil spilled when the container is being filled. You should make sure this drip try is clean and empty before each delivery.

You must also:

• ensure any fill pipe, draw-off pipe or vent pipe is properly supported
• ensure that any sight gauge is properly supported and fitted with a valve that closes automatically when it's not in use
• position all pipework where there is minimal risk of collision or damage

Prevent leaks from oil pipework

You must protect metal fill pipes, draw-off pipes or overflow pipes from corrosion.

You must position any vent pipe, tap or valve through which oil can be discharged from the tank into the open so any spilt oil is retained within the SCS.

Follow requirements for below-ground oil pipework

If pipework is underground, you must ensure that it:

• has no mechanical joints, except where you can access them for inspection
• is protected against corrosion and from physical damage
• has adequate facilities for detecting leaks
• is not permeable to hydrocarbon vapours

Clearly mark the route of underground pipework on the ground and site plans to avoid accidental damage and help in servicing and maintenance.

Oil leak detection devices

You may decide to fit underground fill or draw-off pipes with a leak detection device. If you use a continuous leak detection device, make sure it's in working order and test it regularly. Keep a record of the test results and any maintenance work completed.

If you don't use a continuous leak detection system you must test underground pipework:

• before use
• with mechanical joints every five years
• at least every ten years

Avoid spills from deliveries and dispensing oil

If a screw fitting or other fixed coupling is fitted to the tank, you must maintain it in good condition and use it when filling the tank.

If you can't see the tank and any vent pipe from where the filling process is controlled, you must fit an automatic overfill prevention device. This could include an alarm or a fail safe device.

If you use a permanently attached, flexible pipe to deliver oil from the tank to a container or delivery pump, you must:

• fit a tap or valve at the delivery end of the pipe which closes automatically when not in use
• ensure that the tap or valve cannot be fixed in the open position, unless the pipe is fitted with an automatic shut off device

When a delivery pipe is not in use you must ensure that it either:

• is kept in a secure, locked cabinet with a drip tray
• has a lockable valve (locked shut when not in use) where it leaves the container, and that it is kept within an SCS

You must ensure that any pump is:

• fitted with a valve in its feed line that stops the tank contents draining out if the pump or pipework to the pump is damaged
• positioned to minimise any risk of damage
• protected from unauthorised use

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, there are separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Good practice in oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply to your oil storage, you should still consider meeting the requirements of the regulations.

A mobile bowser is an oil container that may have wheels or be transported on or by another vehicle, but it can't move under its own power. If you use a mobile bowser to store oil you must comply with the relevant requirements of the Oil Storage Regulations.

Follow rules for using and storing mobile bowsers

You must ensure your bowser is in good condition and will not leak or burst in ordinary use.

Mobile bowsers must be stored within a suitable secondary containment system, for example a bund or a drip tray, or be a self-bunded bowser.

You must fit locks to permanently fixed valves or taps on the bowser that are used to discharge oil to the open. You must lock these shut when the valve or tap is not in use.

If you deliver oil through a flexible pipe that is permanently attached to the bowser, you must ensure that:

• the delivery end of the pipe is fitted with a manually operated pump or valve that closes automatically when it is not in use
• the pump or valve is lockable and you keep it locked shut when it is not in use
• the end of the pipe that leaves the container is fitted with a lockable valve that you must lock shut when it is not in use

Good practice in oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply to your oil storage, you should still consider meeting the requirements of the regulations. You can download best practice guidance on above-ground oil storage tanks (PDF, 1.1MB).

You should carry out a weekly check of containers, secondary containment systems (SCS), pipework and other ancillary equipment. This should include looking for:

• damage or corrosion
• any changes to a container's shape, eg bulging or distortion
• oil stains or any leaks
• closed or locked valves and gauges
• build-up of water in bunds or other SCS, and ensuring they are free from rubbish

You should carry out routine maintenance of containers and SCS to prevent any risk of pollution. Keep a record of when inspections and maintenance are carried out and who by.

You should always look out for any signs of damage or interference to your tank or pipework. If you find any problems, get repairs carried out immediately by a competent, qualified technician.

As well as a weekly check, you should use a qualified technician to carry out a detailed annual inspection and service of your storage facilities, including:

• checking the condition of tank surfaces, SCS and supports for pipework
• checking the condition and operation of pipework and fittings
• removing and disposing of any condensation water or sludge in your tank
• checking for leaks

You should receive a report about your tank which details any faults that must be fixed before you can continue to use your oil storage.

Qualified technicians should be a member of a professional scheme for qualified tank installers.

Good practice for storing oil underground

Below-ground tanks and their associated pipework are a high risk to the environment as they are difficult to inspect and leaks may not be immediately obvious.

You should pay extra attention to oil stored below ground to reduce these risks. You should:

• Supervise deliveries to make sure that the tank is not overfilled.
• Monitor the amount of oil you are using. If an unexpected increase occurs, investigate the cause - the container or pipework may have an undetected leak.
• Maintain gauges, valves and pipework on a regular basis.

You should take prevention measures to reduce the risk of oil pollution occurring on your site. Have a pollution incident response plan to use in the event of a spill or leak, and ensure your staff are fully trained and know what to do when an incident occurs.

Keep a spill kit or other pollution control equipment close to your oil store so you can access it easily when you need it. This can include:

• an oil spill kit with proprietary absorbent materials and drain blockers
• gully seals
• booms
• sealing putty
• earth or sand

If a spill does occur, act immediately and try to prevent it from entering drains or surface waters. For example, use absorbent materials to help contain the spread of the oil and soak it up, and drain blockers to protect surface water drains.

Use the NIEA Water Pollution Hotline on Tel 0800 80 70 60 to report an incident and ask for help and advice about what to do.

You must never hose a spill down or use detergents to disperse it as you could cause a much worse pollution incident.

You must dispose of any absorbent or other materials contaminated with oil as hazardous waste.

Take precautions during oil deliveries

There's an increased risk of an oil spill during a delivery to your container. To help prevent pollution you should:

• supervise deliveries
• clearly label all tanks with their contents and storage capacity
• check that your container has sufficient capacity before arranging and receiving a delivery
• check that the secondary containment system will contain any spill due to overfilling

Take particular care where taking a delivery to multiple tanks. Have clear instructions for delivering the right amount to each tank.

If you store any kind of oil at your commercial premises you may need to comply with a number of regulations controlling its storage. This will depend on how much and what type of oil you store, the type of site you have and the containers you use.

Comply with Oil Storage Regulations

The Oil Storage Regulations aim to ensure that you store oil safely and minimise the risk of pollution. They affect:

• industrial and commercial businesses and institutional sites who store oil above ground in containers holding over 200 litres
• private dwellings with containers storing more than 3,500 litres

Businesses who refine or distribute oil will also need to comply unless they store more than 2,500 tonnes of oil and are regulated under the Control of Major Accident Hazards (COMAH) Regulations.

These regulations apply to oil stored in containers both inside and outside of a building including:

• tanks
• intermediate bulk containers
• oil drums
• mobile bowsers

The Oil Storage Regulations do not apply if:

• your container has a capacity of 200 litres or less
• the oil is stored in a container wholly underground
• the oil is stored on a farm and used for agricultural purposes
• the oil is stored at a private dwelling in a container with a capacity of 3,500 litres or less

From 31 December 2015, the regulations now apply to all other remaining oil containers.

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, you must comply with separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Register waste management licensing exemptions for storing waste oils

You must register an exemption from waste management licensing for certain activities. If you have an exemption you must comply with the exemption conditions.

If you store waste oils at a different site from where it was produced you will need to register a Paragraph 12 exemption.

COMAH

If you store more than 2,500 tonnes of petroleum products you will need to comply with the COMAH Regulations. You may need a major accident prevention policy, have to submit a safety report and prepare an on-site emergency plan.

You should consider safety, security, access for deliveries and repairs, and maintenance needs when deciding where to locate your oil storage containers. This will help you comply with regulations and minimise the risk of pollution.

An oil storage container can include a tank, drum, mobile bowser or intermediate bulk container. Avoid storing oil containers on roofs.

Try to position oil containers or stores where there is minimal chance of collision or impact, for example from moving vehicles. If the Oil Storage Regulations apply, you must ensure you protect the containers and the secondary containment system.

You should ensure that the surface of the area where deliveries are made is protected by an impermeable surface, and is away from surface water drainage systems. This will help you to avoid causing pollution from escaped oil.

Try not to store oil in a pollution risk area. This includes within 10 metres of a waterway or within 50 metres of a well, spring or borehole. If this is unavoidable you may need to have additional pollution prevention measures.

Avoid locating your container on a flood plain. It may float in the event of flooding, causing pipelines to break and oil to spill. If this is unavoidable, you must ensure that the container is fixed to a secure base or other measures are taken.

Your container should always be located within a secondary containment system (SCS), such as a bund. If the Oil Storage Regulations apply to your business or site, you must store your oil in a SCS.

If you are unable to comply with any of the requirements above, you should contact the Northern Ireland Environment Agency for advice.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

To store oil safely you must comply with the requirements of the Oil Storage Regulations on primary containers. These are the main containers oil is stored in, and include:

• tanks
• intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) used for transport and storage
• oil drums
• mobile bowsers - an oil container that can't move under its own power, but can be moved between locations

Check your oil containers

You must use a strong container that won't leak or burst in ordinary use. If they are properly maintained, containers should last at least 20 years.

Proprietary tank systems are made with integral secondary storage containment for the primary container. You should consult the manufacturer of these systems for information on their appropriate use and whether they comply with oil storage legislation.

Oil storage containers must be stored within a suitable secondary containment system, for example a bund or drip tray.

If your container has any fittings and pipework, for example sight gauges, valves, fill or draw-off pipes or vent pipes, you must ensure they are located and operated correctly.

Good practice for oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply, you should still store your oil responsibly and use appropriate containers which meet the regulations. You can download best practice guidance on above-ground oil storage tanks (PDF, 1.1MB).

Make sure your storage tank has been type tested to a recognised standard and manufactured to an ISO 9001-compliant quality assurance scheme, for example:

• polyethylene tanks should comply with OFS T100
• steel tanks should comply with either BS 799-5 or OFS T200 and be corrosion-resistant

Make sure your container is marked with the product type and maximum capacity. You should also attach a notice with information on safe delivery and emergency procedures. This is available from the Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA).

Make sure only competent qualified technicians install or decommission your oil storage tank.

Ensure tanks are fully drained of oil and water before they are taken out of use. This liquid is a hazardous waste and must be disposed of legally. Contact NIEA if you find evidence that the ground underneath a tank has been contaminated.

Tanks and equipment contaminated with oil are classed as hazardous waste.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

Secondary containment systems (SCS) are used to catch any leaking oil, overfilling or other spills from a primary container, such as a tank, and its pipework. If you store oil on your premises you may have to comply with the Oil Storage Regulations which set minimum requirements to use SCS when storing oil. Bunds and drip trays are examples of SCS.

Secondary containment requirements

If you are required to use secondary containment, you must store oil containers within a bund, drip tray or any other suitable SCS.

For oil tanks, intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) and mobile bowsers, a bund is the main form of secondary containment. A drip tray is usually used for single or multiple oil drums.

For oil tanks, IBCs and mobile bowsers, your SCS must be able to hold at least 110 per cent of the maximum volume of a single container.

If you have more than one container stored in the same system, the SCS must be able to hold whichever of the following is greater:

• 110 per cent of the largest container's storage volume
• 25 per cent of the total volume of the containers

For drum storage, your drip tray must be able to hold at least 25 per cent of the total storage capacity of the drums.

When you calculate the capacity of your SCS remember to deduct the volume taken up by the container supports, pipework and pumps. If you are located in a high rainfall area, you may need to increase the capacity or install a protective roof to stop water entering the SCS.

You must ensure that the base and walls of your bunds are impermeable to water and oil with no drainage outlets.

Always ensure there is ample space between the primary container and its SCS. A minimum distance of 750 millimetres between your tank and the bund wall is advisable so you have room to inspect and maintain the tank and bund.

You must locate your SCS away from areas where it could be damaged by impact, for example vehicle movements. If this is not possible you must take steps to minimise the risk of damage. You could provide protection, such as a barrier or bollards, for the SCS.

No pipes, valves or other openings to drain down the system must penetrate the base or wall of the SCS. All fill pipes and draw-off pipes from the tank that pass through the bund must be sealed carefully to prevent oil escaping.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, there are separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply, you should still use secondary containment for your oil containers. 

You should have a pollution prevention plan in place, in case rainwater enters the bund and becomes contaminated with oil. Use an enclosed, proprietary tank system or roof over an open bund to prevent rainwater collecting.

If you have an open bund it may have a sump or low point that collects rainwater or spilt oil in the base of the bund. You can remove any unwanted liquids using a manual pump or by hand bailing.

You could use an automatic pumping system in remote locations which can distinguish between oil and water in the bund. However, to install one of these systems, you must find out from the Northern Ireland Environment Agency where you can discharge the water.

Any water removed from the bund may be contaminated with oil, and you must dispose of it as hazardous waste.

To comply with the Oil Storage Regulations you must ensure all pipework, above and below ground, is correctly positioned and properly maintained. There is a particular risk of oil leaks from poorly fitted pipes. Ideally, pipes should be above ground.

Follow requirements for above-ground oil pipework

You must locate all pipework and fittings (ancillary equipment) within the secondary containment systems (SCS). This includes valves, filters, sight gauges and vent pipes.

Where a fill pipe is not within the SCS, you must use a drip tray to catch any oil spilled when the container is being filled. You should make sure this drip try is clean and empty before each delivery.

You must also:

• ensure any fill pipe, draw-off pipe or vent pipe is properly supported
• ensure that any sight gauge is properly supported and fitted with a valve that closes automatically when it's not in use
• position all pipework where there is minimal risk of collision or damage

Prevent leaks from oil pipework

You must protect metal fill pipes, draw-off pipes or overflow pipes from corrosion.

You must position any vent pipe, tap or valve through which oil can be discharged from the tank into the open so any spilt oil is retained within the SCS.

Follow requirements for below-ground oil pipework

If pipework is underground, you must ensure that it:

• has no mechanical joints, except where you can access them for inspection
• is protected against corrosion and from physical damage
• has adequate facilities for detecting leaks
• is not permeable to hydrocarbon vapours

Clearly mark the route of underground pipework on the ground and site plans to avoid accidental damage and help in servicing and maintenance.

Oil leak detection devices

You may decide to fit underground fill or draw-off pipes with a leak detection device. If you use a continuous leak detection device, make sure it's in working order and test it regularly. Keep a record of the test results and any maintenance work completed.

If you don't use a continuous leak detection system you must test underground pipework:

• before use
• with mechanical joints every five years
• at least every ten years

Avoid spills from deliveries and dispensing oil

If a screw fitting or other fixed coupling is fitted to the tank, you must maintain it in good condition and use it when filling the tank.

If you can't see the tank and any vent pipe from where the filling process is controlled, you must fit an automatic overfill prevention device. This could include an alarm or a fail safe device.

If you use a permanently attached, flexible pipe to deliver oil from the tank to a container or delivery pump, you must:

• fit a tap or valve at the delivery end of the pipe which closes automatically when not in use
• ensure that the tap or valve cannot be fixed in the open position, unless the pipe is fitted with an automatic shut off device

When a delivery pipe is not in use you must ensure that it either:

• is kept in a secure, locked cabinet with a drip tray
• has a lockable valve (locked shut when not in use) where it leaves the container, and that it is kept within an SCS

You must ensure that any pump is:

• fitted with a valve in its feed line that stops the tank contents draining out if the pump or pipework to the pump is damaged
• positioned to minimise any risk of damage
• protected from unauthorised use

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, there are separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Good practice in oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply to your oil storage, you should still consider meeting the requirements of the regulations.

A mobile bowser is an oil container that may have wheels or be transported on or by another vehicle, but it can't move under its own power. If you use a mobile bowser to store oil you must comply with the relevant requirements of the Oil Storage Regulations.

Follow rules for using and storing mobile bowsers

You must ensure your bowser is in good condition and will not leak or burst in ordinary use.

Mobile bowsers must be stored within a suitable secondary containment system, for example a bund or a drip tray, or be a self-bunded bowser.

You must fit locks to permanently fixed valves or taps on the bowser that are used to discharge oil to the open. You must lock these shut when the valve or tap is not in use.

If you deliver oil through a flexible pipe that is permanently attached to the bowser, you must ensure that:

• the delivery end of the pipe is fitted with a manually operated pump or valve that closes automatically when it is not in use
• the pump or valve is lockable and you keep it locked shut when it is not in use
• the end of the pipe that leaves the container is fitted with a lockable valve that you must lock shut when it is not in use

Good practice in oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply to your oil storage, you should still consider meeting the requirements of the regulations. You can download best practice guidance on above-ground oil storage tanks (PDF, 1.1MB).

You should carry out a weekly check of containers, secondary containment systems (SCS), pipework and other ancillary equipment. This should include looking for:

• damage or corrosion
• any changes to a container's shape, eg bulging or distortion
• oil stains or any leaks
• closed or locked valves and gauges
• build-up of water in bunds or other SCS, and ensuring they are free from rubbish

You should carry out routine maintenance of containers and SCS to prevent any risk of pollution. Keep a record of when inspections and maintenance are carried out and who by.

You should always look out for any signs of damage or interference to your tank or pipework. If you find any problems, get repairs carried out immediately by a competent, qualified technician.

As well as a weekly check, you should use a qualified technician to carry out a detailed annual inspection and service of your storage facilities, including:

• checking the condition of tank surfaces, SCS and supports for pipework
• checking the condition and operation of pipework and fittings
• removing and disposing of any condensation water or sludge in your tank
• checking for leaks

You should receive a report about your tank which details any faults that must be fixed before you can continue to use your oil storage.

Qualified technicians should be a member of a professional scheme for qualified tank installers.

Good practice for storing oil underground

Below-ground tanks and their associated pipework are a high risk to the environment as they are difficult to inspect and leaks may not be immediately obvious.

You should pay extra attention to oil stored below ground to reduce these risks. You should:

• Supervise deliveries to make sure that the tank is not overfilled.
• Monitor the amount of oil you are using. If an unexpected increase occurs, investigate the cause - the container or pipework may have an undetected leak.
• Maintain gauges, valves and pipework on a regular basis.

You should take prevention measures to reduce the risk of oil pollution occurring on your site. Have a pollution incident response plan to use in the event of a spill or leak, and ensure your staff are fully trained and know what to do when an incident occurs.

Keep a spill kit or other pollution control equipment close to your oil store so you can access it easily when you need it. This can include:

• an oil spill kit with proprietary absorbent materials and drain blockers
• gully seals
• booms
• sealing putty
• earth or sand

If a spill does occur, act immediately and try to prevent it from entering drains or surface waters. For example, use absorbent materials to help contain the spread of the oil and soak it up, and drain blockers to protect surface water drains.

Use the NIEA Water Pollution Hotline on Tel 0800 80 70 60 to report an incident and ask for help and advice about what to do.

You must never hose a spill down or use detergents to disperse it as you could cause a much worse pollution incident.

You must dispose of any absorbent or other materials contaminated with oil as hazardous waste.

Take precautions during oil deliveries

There's an increased risk of an oil spill during a delivery to your container. To help prevent pollution you should:

• supervise deliveries
• clearly label all tanks with their contents and storage capacity
• check that your container has sufficient capacity before arranging and receiving a delivery
• check that the secondary containment system will contain any spill due to overfilling

Take particular care where taking a delivery to multiple tanks. Have clear instructions for delivering the right amount to each tank.

If you store any kind of oil at your commercial premises you may need to comply with a number of regulations controlling its storage. This will depend on how much and what type of oil you store, the type of site you have and the containers you use.

Comply with Oil Storage Regulations

The Oil Storage Regulations aim to ensure that you store oil safely and minimise the risk of pollution. They affect:

• industrial and commercial businesses and institutional sites who store oil above ground in containers holding over 200 litres
• private dwellings with containers storing more than 3,500 litres

Businesses who refine or distribute oil will also need to comply unless they store more than 2,500 tonnes of oil and are regulated under the Control of Major Accident Hazards (COMAH) Regulations.

These regulations apply to oil stored in containers both inside and outside of a building including:

• tanks
• intermediate bulk containers
• oil drums
• mobile bowsers

The Oil Storage Regulations do not apply if:

• your container has a capacity of 200 litres or less
• the oil is stored in a container wholly underground
• the oil is stored on a farm and used for agricultural purposes
• the oil is stored at a private dwelling in a container with a capacity of 3,500 litres or less

From 31 December 2015, the regulations now apply to all other remaining oil containers.

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, you must comply with separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Register waste management licensing exemptions for storing waste oils

You must register an exemption from waste management licensing for certain activities. If you have an exemption you must comply with the exemption conditions.

If you store waste oils at a different site from where it was produced you will need to register a Paragraph 12 exemption.

COMAH

If you store more than 2,500 tonnes of petroleum products you will need to comply with the COMAH Regulations. You may need a major accident prevention policy, have to submit a safety report and prepare an on-site emergency plan.

You should consider safety, security, access for deliveries and repairs, and maintenance needs when deciding where to locate your oil storage containers. This will help you comply with regulations and minimise the risk of pollution.

An oil storage container can include a tank, drum, mobile bowser or intermediate bulk container. Avoid storing oil containers on roofs.

Try to position oil containers or stores where there is minimal chance of collision or impact, for example from moving vehicles. If the Oil Storage Regulations apply, you must ensure you protect the containers and the secondary containment system.

You should ensure that the surface of the area where deliveries are made is protected by an impermeable surface, and is away from surface water drainage systems. This will help you to avoid causing pollution from escaped oil.

Try not to store oil in a pollution risk area. This includes within 10 metres of a waterway or within 50 metres of a well, spring or borehole. If this is unavoidable you may need to have additional pollution prevention measures.

Avoid locating your container on a flood plain. It may float in the event of flooding, causing pipelines to break and oil to spill. If this is unavoidable, you must ensure that the container is fixed to a secure base or other measures are taken.

Your container should always be located within a secondary containment system (SCS), such as a bund. If the Oil Storage Regulations apply to your business or site, you must store your oil in a SCS.

If you are unable to comply with any of the requirements above, you should contact the Northern Ireland Environment Agency for advice.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

To store oil safely you must comply with the requirements of the Oil Storage Regulations on primary containers. These are the main containers oil is stored in, and include:

• tanks
• intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) used for transport and storage
• oil drums
• mobile bowsers - an oil container that can't move under its own power, but can be moved between locations

Check your oil containers

You must use a strong container that won't leak or burst in ordinary use. If they are properly maintained, containers should last at least 20 years.

Proprietary tank systems are made with integral secondary storage containment for the primary container. You should consult the manufacturer of these systems for information on their appropriate use and whether they comply with oil storage legislation.

Oil storage containers must be stored within a suitable secondary containment system, for example a bund or drip tray.

If your container has any fittings and pipework, for example sight gauges, valves, fill or draw-off pipes or vent pipes, you must ensure they are located and operated correctly.

Good practice for oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply, you should still store your oil responsibly and use appropriate containers which meet the regulations. You can download best practice guidance on above-ground oil storage tanks (PDF, 1.1MB).

Make sure your storage tank has been type tested to a recognised standard and manufactured to an ISO 9001-compliant quality assurance scheme, for example:

• polyethylene tanks should comply with OFS T100
• steel tanks should comply with either BS 799-5 or OFS T200 and be corrosion-resistant

Make sure your container is marked with the product type and maximum capacity. You should also attach a notice with information on safe delivery and emergency procedures. This is available from the Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA).

Make sure only competent qualified technicians install or decommission your oil storage tank.

Ensure tanks are fully drained of oil and water before they are taken out of use. This liquid is a hazardous waste and must be disposed of legally. Contact NIEA if you find evidence that the ground underneath a tank has been contaminated.

Tanks and equipment contaminated with oil are classed as hazardous waste.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

Secondary containment systems (SCS) are used to catch any leaking oil, overfilling or other spills from a primary container, such as a tank, and its pipework. If you store oil on your premises you may have to comply with the Oil Storage Regulations which set minimum requirements to use SCS when storing oil. Bunds and drip trays are examples of SCS.

Secondary containment requirements

If you are required to use secondary containment, you must store oil containers within a bund, drip tray or any other suitable SCS.

For oil tanks, intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) and mobile bowsers, a bund is the main form of secondary containment. A drip tray is usually used for single or multiple oil drums.

For oil tanks, IBCs and mobile bowsers, your SCS must be able to hold at least 110 per cent of the maximum volume of a single container.

If you have more than one container stored in the same system, the SCS must be able to hold whichever of the following is greater:

• 110 per cent of the largest container's storage volume
• 25 per cent of the total volume of the containers

For drum storage, your drip tray must be able to hold at least 25 per cent of the total storage capacity of the drums.

When you calculate the capacity of your SCS remember to deduct the volume taken up by the container supports, pipework and pumps. If you are located in a high rainfall area, you may need to increase the capacity or install a protective roof to stop water entering the SCS.

You must ensure that the base and walls of your bunds are impermeable to water and oil with no drainage outlets.

Always ensure there is ample space between the primary container and its SCS. A minimum distance of 750 millimetres between your tank and the bund wall is advisable so you have room to inspect and maintain the tank and bund.

You must locate your SCS away from areas where it could be damaged by impact, for example vehicle movements. If this is not possible you must take steps to minimise the risk of damage. You could provide protection, such as a barrier or bollards, for the SCS.

No pipes, valves or other openings to drain down the system must penetrate the base or wall of the SCS. All fill pipes and draw-off pipes from the tank that pass through the bund must be sealed carefully to prevent oil escaping.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, there are separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply, you should still use secondary containment for your oil containers. 

You should have a pollution prevention plan in place, in case rainwater enters the bund and becomes contaminated with oil. Use an enclosed, proprietary tank system or roof over an open bund to prevent rainwater collecting.

If you have an open bund it may have a sump or low point that collects rainwater or spilt oil in the base of the bund. You can remove any unwanted liquids using a manual pump or by hand bailing.

You could use an automatic pumping system in remote locations which can distinguish between oil and water in the bund. However, to install one of these systems, you must find out from the Northern Ireland Environment Agency where you can discharge the water.

Any water removed from the bund may be contaminated with oil, and you must dispose of it as hazardous waste.

To comply with the Oil Storage Regulations you must ensure all pipework, above and below ground, is correctly positioned and properly maintained. There is a particular risk of oil leaks from poorly fitted pipes. Ideally, pipes should be above ground.

Follow requirements for above-ground oil pipework

You must locate all pipework and fittings (ancillary equipment) within the secondary containment systems (SCS). This includes valves, filters, sight gauges and vent pipes.

Where a fill pipe is not within the SCS, you must use a drip tray to catch any oil spilled when the container is being filled. You should make sure this drip try is clean and empty before each delivery.

You must also:

• ensure any fill pipe, draw-off pipe or vent pipe is properly supported
• ensure that any sight gauge is properly supported and fitted with a valve that closes automatically when it's not in use
• position all pipework where there is minimal risk of collision or damage

Prevent leaks from oil pipework

You must protect metal fill pipes, draw-off pipes or overflow pipes from corrosion.

You must position any vent pipe, tap or valve through which oil can be discharged from the tank into the open so any spilt oil is retained within the SCS.

Follow requirements for below-ground oil pipework

If pipework is underground, you must ensure that it:

• has no mechanical joints, except where you can access them for inspection
• is protected against corrosion and from physical damage
• has adequate facilities for detecting leaks
• is not permeable to hydrocarbon vapours

Clearly mark the route of underground pipework on the ground and site plans to avoid accidental damage and help in servicing and maintenance.

Oil leak detection devices

You may decide to fit underground fill or draw-off pipes with a leak detection device. If you use a continuous leak detection device, make sure it's in working order and test it regularly. Keep a record of the test results and any maintenance work completed.

If you don't use a continuous leak detection system you must test underground pipework:

• before use
• with mechanical joints every five years
• at least every ten years

Avoid spills from deliveries and dispensing oil

If a screw fitting or other fixed coupling is fitted to the tank, you must maintain it in good condition and use it when filling the tank.

If you can't see the tank and any vent pipe from where the filling process is controlled, you must fit an automatic overfill prevention device. This could include an alarm or a fail safe device.

If you use a permanently attached, flexible pipe to deliver oil from the tank to a container or delivery pump, you must:

• fit a tap or valve at the delivery end of the pipe which closes automatically when not in use
• ensure that the tap or valve cannot be fixed in the open position, unless the pipe is fitted with an automatic shut off device

When a delivery pipe is not in use you must ensure that it either:

• is kept in a secure, locked cabinet with a drip tray
• has a lockable valve (locked shut when not in use) where it leaves the container, and that it is kept within an SCS

You must ensure that any pump is:

• fitted with a valve in its feed line that stops the tank contents draining out if the pump or pipework to the pump is damaged
• positioned to minimise any risk of damage
• protected from unauthorised use

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, there are separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Good practice in oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply to your oil storage, you should still consider meeting the requirements of the regulations.

A mobile bowser is an oil container that may have wheels or be transported on or by another vehicle, but it can't move under its own power. If you use a mobile bowser to store oil you must comply with the relevant requirements of the Oil Storage Regulations.

Follow rules for using and storing mobile bowsers

You must ensure your bowser is in good condition and will not leak or burst in ordinary use.

Mobile bowsers must be stored within a suitable secondary containment system, for example a bund or a drip tray, or be a self-bunded bowser.

You must fit locks to permanently fixed valves or taps on the bowser that are used to discharge oil to the open. You must lock these shut when the valve or tap is not in use.

If you deliver oil through a flexible pipe that is permanently attached to the bowser, you must ensure that:

• the delivery end of the pipe is fitted with a manually operated pump or valve that closes automatically when it is not in use
• the pump or valve is lockable and you keep it locked shut when it is not in use
• the end of the pipe that leaves the container is fitted with a lockable valve that you must lock shut when it is not in use

Good practice in oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply to your oil storage, you should still consider meeting the requirements of the regulations. You can download best practice guidance on above-ground oil storage tanks (PDF, 1.1MB).

You should carry out a weekly check of containers, secondary containment systems (SCS), pipework and other ancillary equipment. This should include looking for:

• damage or corrosion
• any changes to a container's shape, eg bulging or distortion
• oil stains or any leaks
• closed or locked valves and gauges
• build-up of water in bunds or other SCS, and ensuring they are free from rubbish

You should carry out routine maintenance of containers and SCS to prevent any risk of pollution. Keep a record of when inspections and maintenance are carried out and who by.

You should always look out for any signs of damage or interference to your tank or pipework. If you find any problems, get repairs carried out immediately by a competent, qualified technician.

As well as a weekly check, you should use a qualified technician to carry out a detailed annual inspection and service of your storage facilities, including:

• checking the condition of tank surfaces, SCS and supports for pipework
• checking the condition and operation of pipework and fittings
• removing and disposing of any condensation water or sludge in your tank
• checking for leaks

You should receive a report about your tank which details any faults that must be fixed before you can continue to use your oil storage.

Qualified technicians should be a member of a professional scheme for qualified tank installers.

Good practice for storing oil underground

Below-ground tanks and their associated pipework are a high risk to the environment as they are difficult to inspect and leaks may not be immediately obvious.

You should pay extra attention to oil stored below ground to reduce these risks. You should:

• Supervise deliveries to make sure that the tank is not overfilled.
• Monitor the amount of oil you are using. If an unexpected increase occurs, investigate the cause - the container or pipework may have an undetected leak.
• Maintain gauges, valves and pipework on a regular basis.

You should take prevention measures to reduce the risk of oil pollution occurring on your site. Have a pollution incident response plan to use in the event of a spill or leak, and ensure your staff are fully trained and know what to do when an incident occurs.

Keep a spill kit or other pollution control equipment close to your oil store so you can access it easily when you need it. This can include:

• an oil spill kit with proprietary absorbent materials and drain blockers
• gully seals
• booms
• sealing putty
• earth or sand

If a spill does occur, act immediately and try to prevent it from entering drains or surface waters. For example, use absorbent materials to help contain the spread of the oil and soak it up, and drain blockers to protect surface water drains.

Use the NIEA Water Pollution Hotline on Tel 0800 80 70 60 to report an incident and ask for help and advice about what to do.

You must never hose a spill down or use detergents to disperse it as you could cause a much worse pollution incident.

You must dispose of any absorbent or other materials contaminated with oil as hazardous waste.

Take precautions during oil deliveries

There's an increased risk of an oil spill during a delivery to your container. To help prevent pollution you should:

• supervise deliveries
• clearly label all tanks with their contents and storage capacity
• check that your container has sufficient capacity before arranging and receiving a delivery
• check that the secondary containment system will contain any spill due to overfilling

Take particular care where taking a delivery to multiple tanks. Have clear instructions for delivering the right amount to each tank.

If you store any kind of oil at your commercial premises you may need to comply with a number of regulations controlling its storage. This will depend on how much and what type of oil you store, the type of site you have and the containers you use.

Comply with Oil Storage Regulations

The Oil Storage Regulations aim to ensure that you store oil safely and minimise the risk of pollution. They affect:

• industrial and commercial businesses and institutional sites who store oil above ground in containers holding over 200 litres
• private dwellings with containers storing more than 3,500 litres

Businesses who refine or distribute oil will also need to comply unless they store more than 2,500 tonnes of oil and are regulated under the Control of Major Accident Hazards (COMAH) Regulations.

These regulations apply to oil stored in containers both inside and outside of a building including:

• tanks
• intermediate bulk containers
• oil drums
• mobile bowsers

The Oil Storage Regulations do not apply if:

• your container has a capacity of 200 litres or less
• the oil is stored in a container wholly underground
• the oil is stored on a farm and used for agricultural purposes
• the oil is stored at a private dwelling in a container with a capacity of 3,500 litres or less

From 31 December 2015, the regulations now apply to all other remaining oil containers.

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, you must comply with separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Register waste management licensing exemptions for storing waste oils

You must register an exemption from waste management licensing for certain activities. If you have an exemption you must comply with the exemption conditions.

If you store waste oils at a different site from where it was produced you will need to register a Paragraph 12 exemption.

COMAH

If you store more than 2,500 tonnes of petroleum products you will need to comply with the COMAH Regulations. You may need a major accident prevention policy, have to submit a safety report and prepare an on-site emergency plan.

You should consider safety, security, access for deliveries and repairs, and maintenance needs when deciding where to locate your oil storage containers. This will help you comply with regulations and minimise the risk of pollution.

An oil storage container can include a tank, drum, mobile bowser or intermediate bulk container. Avoid storing oil containers on roofs.

Try to position oil containers or stores where there is minimal chance of collision or impact, for example from moving vehicles. If the Oil Storage Regulations apply, you must ensure you protect the containers and the secondary containment system.

You should ensure that the surface of the area where deliveries are made is protected by an impermeable surface, and is away from surface water drainage systems. This will help you to avoid causing pollution from escaped oil.

Try not to store oil in a pollution risk area. This includes within 10 metres of a waterway or within 50 metres of a well, spring or borehole. If this is unavoidable you may need to have additional pollution prevention measures.

Avoid locating your container on a flood plain. It may float in the event of flooding, causing pipelines to break and oil to spill. If this is unavoidable, you must ensure that the container is fixed to a secure base or other measures are taken.

Your container should always be located within a secondary containment system (SCS), such as a bund. If the Oil Storage Regulations apply to your business or site, you must store your oil in a SCS.

If you are unable to comply with any of the requirements above, you should contact the Northern Ireland Environment Agency for advice.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

To store oil safely you must comply with the requirements of the Oil Storage Regulations on primary containers. These are the main containers oil is stored in, and include:

• tanks
• intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) used for transport and storage
• oil drums
• mobile bowsers - an oil container that can't move under its own power, but can be moved between locations

Check your oil containers

You must use a strong container that won't leak or burst in ordinary use. If they are properly maintained, containers should last at least 20 years.

Proprietary tank systems are made with integral secondary storage containment for the primary container. You should consult the manufacturer of these systems for information on their appropriate use and whether they comply with oil storage legislation.

Oil storage containers must be stored within a suitable secondary containment system, for example a bund or drip tray.

If your container has any fittings and pipework, for example sight gauges, valves, fill or draw-off pipes or vent pipes, you must ensure they are located and operated correctly.

Good practice for oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply, you should still store your oil responsibly and use appropriate containers which meet the regulations. You can download best practice guidance on above-ground oil storage tanks (PDF, 1.1MB).

Make sure your storage tank has been type tested to a recognised standard and manufactured to an ISO 9001-compliant quality assurance scheme, for example:

• polyethylene tanks should comply with OFS T100
• steel tanks should comply with either BS 799-5 or OFS T200 and be corrosion-resistant

Make sure your container is marked with the product type and maximum capacity. You should also attach a notice with information on safe delivery and emergency procedures. This is available from the Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA).

Make sure only competent qualified technicians install or decommission your oil storage tank.

Ensure tanks are fully drained of oil and water before they are taken out of use. This liquid is a hazardous waste and must be disposed of legally. Contact NIEA if you find evidence that the ground underneath a tank has been contaminated.

Tanks and equipment contaminated with oil are classed as hazardous waste.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

Secondary containment systems (SCS) are used to catch any leaking oil, overfilling or other spills from a primary container, such as a tank, and its pipework. If you store oil on your premises you may have to comply with the Oil Storage Regulations which set minimum requirements to use SCS when storing oil. Bunds and drip trays are examples of SCS.

Secondary containment requirements

If you are required to use secondary containment, you must store oil containers within a bund, drip tray or any other suitable SCS.

For oil tanks, intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) and mobile bowsers, a bund is the main form of secondary containment. A drip tray is usually used for single or multiple oil drums.

For oil tanks, IBCs and mobile bowsers, your SCS must be able to hold at least 110 per cent of the maximum volume of a single container.

If you have more than one container stored in the same system, the SCS must be able to hold whichever of the following is greater:

• 110 per cent of the largest container's storage volume
• 25 per cent of the total volume of the containers

For drum storage, your drip tray must be able to hold at least 25 per cent of the total storage capacity of the drums.

When you calculate the capacity of your SCS remember to deduct the volume taken up by the container supports, pipework and pumps. If you are located in a high rainfall area, you may need to increase the capacity or install a protective roof to stop water entering the SCS.

You must ensure that the base and walls of your bunds are impermeable to water and oil with no drainage outlets.

Always ensure there is ample space between the primary container and its SCS. A minimum distance of 750 millimetres between your tank and the bund wall is advisable so you have room to inspect and maintain the tank and bund.

You must locate your SCS away from areas where it could be damaged by impact, for example vehicle movements. If this is not possible you must take steps to minimise the risk of damage. You could provide protection, such as a barrier or bollards, for the SCS.

No pipes, valves or other openings to drain down the system must penetrate the base or wall of the SCS. All fill pipes and draw-off pipes from the tank that pass through the bund must be sealed carefully to prevent oil escaping.

You can download guidance on the safe storage of drums and intermediate bulk containers (PDF, 1.2MB).

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, there are separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply, you should still use secondary containment for your oil containers. 

You should have a pollution prevention plan in place, in case rainwater enters the bund and becomes contaminated with oil. Use an enclosed, proprietary tank system or roof over an open bund to prevent rainwater collecting.

If you have an open bund it may have a sump or low point that collects rainwater or spilt oil in the base of the bund. You can remove any unwanted liquids using a manual pump or by hand bailing.

You could use an automatic pumping system in remote locations which can distinguish between oil and water in the bund. However, to install one of these systems, you must find out from the Northern Ireland Environment Agency where you can discharge the water.

Any water removed from the bund may be contaminated with oil, and you must dispose of it as hazardous waste.

To comply with the Oil Storage Regulations you must ensure all pipework, above and below ground, is correctly positioned and properly maintained. There is a particular risk of oil leaks from poorly fitted pipes. Ideally, pipes should be above ground.

Follow requirements for above-ground oil pipework

You must locate all pipework and fittings (ancillary equipment) within the secondary containment systems (SCS). This includes valves, filters, sight gauges and vent pipes.

Where a fill pipe is not within the SCS, you must use a drip tray to catch any oil spilled when the container is being filled. You should make sure this drip try is clean and empty before each delivery.

You must also:

• ensure any fill pipe, draw-off pipe or vent pipe is properly supported
• ensure that any sight gauge is properly supported and fitted with a valve that closes automatically when it's not in use
• position all pipework where there is minimal risk of collision or damage

Prevent leaks from oil pipework

You must protect metal fill pipes, draw-off pipes or overflow pipes from corrosion.

You must position any vent pipe, tap or valve through which oil can be discharged from the tank into the open so any spilt oil is retained within the SCS.

Follow requirements for below-ground oil pipework

If pipework is underground, you must ensure that it:

• has no mechanical joints, except where you can access them for inspection
• is protected against corrosion and from physical damage
• has adequate facilities for detecting leaks
• is not permeable to hydrocarbon vapours

Clearly mark the route of underground pipework on the ground and site plans to avoid accidental damage and help in servicing and maintenance.

Oil leak detection devices

You may decide to fit underground fill or draw-off pipes with a leak detection device. If you use a continuous leak detection device, make sure it's in working order and test it regularly. Keep a record of the test results and any maintenance work completed.

If you don't use a continuous leak detection system you must test underground pipework:

• before use
• with mechanical joints every five years
• at least every ten years

Avoid spills from deliveries and dispensing oil

If a screw fitting or other fixed coupling is fitted to the tank, you must maintain it in good condition and use it when filling the tank.

If you can't see the tank and any vent pipe from where the filling process is controlled, you must fit an automatic overfill prevention device. This could include an alarm or a fail safe device.

If you use a permanently attached, flexible pipe to deliver oil from the tank to a container or delivery pump, you must:

• fit a tap or valve at the delivery end of the pipe which closes automatically when not in use
• ensure that the tap or valve cannot be fixed in the open position, unless the pipe is fitted with an automatic shut off device

When a delivery pipe is not in use you must ensure that it either:

• is kept in a secure, locked cabinet with a drip tray
• has a lockable valve (locked shut when not in use) where it leaves the container, and that it is kept within an SCS

You must ensure that any pump is:

• fitted with a valve in its feed line that stops the tank contents draining out if the pump or pipework to the pump is damaged
• positioned to minimise any risk of damage
• protected from unauthorised use

Comply with agricultural fuel oil regulations

If you store oil for agricultural use on a farm, for example to produce heat or power, there are separate regulations that govern how you must store it.

Good practice in oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply to your oil storage, you should still consider meeting the requirements of the regulations.

A mobile bowser is an oil container that may have wheels or be transported on or by another vehicle, but it can't move under its own power. If you use a mobile bowser to store oil you must comply with the relevant requirements of the Oil Storage Regulations.

Follow rules for using and storing mobile bowsers

You must ensure your bowser is in good condition and will not leak or burst in ordinary use.

Mobile bowsers must be stored within a suitable secondary containment system, for example a bund or a drip tray, or be a self-bunded bowser.

You must fit locks to permanently fixed valves or taps on the bowser that are used to discharge oil to the open. You must lock these shut when the valve or tap is not in use.

If you deliver oil through a flexible pipe that is permanently attached to the bowser, you must ensure that:

• the delivery end of the pipe is fitted with a manually operated pump or valve that closes automatically when it is not in use
• the pump or valve is lockable and you keep it locked shut when it is not in use
• the end of the pipe that leaves the container is fitted with a lockable valve that you must lock shut when it is not in use

Good practice in oil storage

Even if the Oil Storage Regulations do not apply to your oil storage, you should still consider meeting the requirements of the regulations. You can download best practice guidance on above-ground oil storage tanks (PDF, 1.1MB).

You should carry out a weekly check of containers, secondary containment systems (SCS), pipework and other ancillary equipment. This should include looking for:

• damage or corrosion
• any changes to a container's shape, eg bulging or distortion
• oil stains or any leaks
• closed or locked valves and gauges
• build-up of water in bunds or other SCS, and ensuring they are free from rubbish

You should carry out routine maintenance of containers and SCS to prevent any risk of pollution. Keep a record of when inspections and maintenance are carried out and who by.

You should always look out for any signs of damage or interference to your tank or pipework. If you find any problems, get repairs carried out immediately by a competent, qualified technician.

As well as a weekly check, you should use a qualified technician to carry out a detailed annual inspection and service of your storage facilities, including:

• checking the condition of tank surfaces, SCS and supports for pipework
• checking the condition and operation of pipework and fittings
• removing and disposing of any condensation water or sludge in your tank
• checking for leaks

You should receive a report about your tank which details any faults that must be fixed before you can continue to use your oil storage.

Qualified technicians should be a member of a professional scheme for qualified tank installers.

Good practice for storing oil underground

Below-ground tanks and their associated pipework are a high risk to the environment as they are difficult to inspect and leaks may not be immediately obvious.

You should pay extra attention to oil stored below ground to reduce these risks. You should:

• Supervise deliveries to make sure that the tank is not overfilled.
• Monitor the amount of oil you are using. If an unexpected increase occurs, investigate the cause - the container or pipework may have an undetected leak.
• Maintain gauges, valves and pipework on a regular basis.

You should take prevention measures to reduce the risk of oil pollution occurring on your site. Have a pollution incident response plan to use in the event of a spill or leak, and ensure your staff are fully trained and know what to do when an incident occurs.

Keep a spill kit or other pollution control equipment close to your oil store so you can access it easily when you need it. This can include:

• an oil spill kit with proprietary absorbent materials and drain blockers
• gully seals
• booms
• sealing putty
• earth or sand

If a spill does occur, act immediately and try to prevent it from entering drains or surface waters. For example, use absorbent materials to help contain the spread of the oil and soak it up, and drain blockers to protect surface water drains.

Use the NIEA Water Pollution Hotline on Tel 0800 80 70 60 to report an incident and ask for help and advice about what to do.

You must never hose a spill down or use detergents to disperse it as you could cause a much worse pollution incident.

You must dispose of any absorbent or other materials contaminated with oil as hazardous waste.

Take precautions during oil deliveries

There's an increased risk of an oil spill during a delivery to your container. To help prevent pollution you should:

• supervise deliveries
• clearly label all tanks with their contents and storage capacity
• check that your container has sufficient capacity before arranging and receiving a delivery
• check that the secondary containment system will contain any spill due to overfilling

Take particular care where taking a delivery to multiple tanks. Have clear instructions for delivering the right amount to each tank.